What is the difference between hot forging, warm forging and cold forging?

Forging can be divided into hot forging, warm forging and cold forging according to the processing temperature
The processing temperature of hot forging is higher than the recrystallization temperature of steel, above 800℃. Such high temperature is conducive to optimizing the cast structure of steel, refining grains, and improving the mechanical properties of steel. It is the preferred method for forging workpieces in most industries; the temperature of warm forging is between 300℃ and 800℃. This processing technology can improve the quality and precision of forgings and is generally used for forging precision forgings; cold forging is generally carried out at room temperature and can replace some cutting processes. Warm forging and cold forging are usually used to process forging parts such as automobiles and general machinery, which is the development direction of die forging in the future.

Advantages and disadvantages of warm forging and hot forging
Warm forging is slightly more expensive and complex than hot forging, but the surface finish of forgings is good and the product stability is high. Hot forging is relatively cheaper, but other process treatments are required after forging, and defects or defects are prone to occur, resulting in more waste. Warm forging and hot forging have relatively high requirements for tungsten carbide dies. Usually, tungsten carbide with a cobalt content of less than 20% is used, and it needs to be heat-resistant.

Application fields of warm forging and hot forging
Warm forging is usually used for forgings with high precision, high surface finish requirements, and relatively small quantities, such as precision instruments, aerospace and other fields. Hot forging is suitable for large quantities of relatively simple forgings, such as automobile engines, large mechanical equipment and other fields.
In short, warm forging and hot forging each have their own advantages and disadvantages and applicable fields, and need to be selected according to specific circumstances. Tungsten carbide hot forging dies and tungsten carbide cold forging dies are also used in different fields.